PLASTIC PUMPS FOR ACIDS AND ALKALIS

Acids, alkalis and detergents can be safely handled by plastic pumps made from PP or PVDF. Bürkle offers many plastic pumps with both rigid discharge pipes and also with discharge tubing and shut-off valve for filling distant or higher standing containers. When handling corrosive or aggressive liquids the user should take appropriate precautions. Protective clothing such as gloves, goggles, aprons and face masks is essential.

We recognise the health hazard posed by harmful vapours, and the importance of the correct choice of pump. Apart from the type and size of the container, the required pump capacity and the suitability of the pump for the particular medium are important for the choice of the most suitable product. The pump must not only be resistant to the medium to be filled, but in many cases particular occupational safety and environmental protection regulations must also be taken into consideration.

GAS-TIGHT BARREL CONNECTORS

With volatile media, such as acetone or ammonia, hazardous vapours are formed in the container. Their evaporation into the surroundings and the risk to the user can be reduced by using a gas-tight barrel connector. With particularly toxic, noxious and readily volatile media, a closed filling system with a gas shuttle pipe is essential. In this method the gases displaced from the container are returned directly into the original container. The health endangering gases remain in the system; the greatest possible degree of safety during filling off is guaranteed.

FOODSTUFF FILLING OFF
If foodstuffs are to be filled off then it must be ensured that the materials used are physiologically harmless. Materials such as stainless steel, polypropylene or PTFE, which also have a neutral taste and odour can be recommended. The pump must also be easy to clean.

FILLING OF FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS

Filling off flammable liquids requires special precautionary measures. It is essential that filling devices for flammable liquids are made of conductive materials. It is also vital that any electrostatic charges formed are eliminated completely and without spark formation. Stainless steel barrel pumps meet these requirements when the electrostatic charges are eliminated by using the antistatic set gas-tight filling off product.

BARREL PUMPS

Barrel pumps are suitable for larger barrels and open containers, these draw in the liquid and then eject it. This family of pumps is characterized by their robust construction with a good pumping capacity and simple handling. Different immersion tube lengths mean that the pumps fit all the usual commercially available containers. Low-mounted suction valves ensure that almost all the residual liquid is removed.

CONTAINER CONNECTIONS
There are no standard connection threads for plastic drums. There are two different ways of attaching the pump to the drum or container. The pump can be screwed onto the existing container thread using a barrel screw joint, possibly in combination with an adapter.

INTEGRATED CHEMICAL PROCESSING SOLUTIONS

Common to the process industry is the challenge of globalization, continuous innovation, and a constant demand for higher performance with lower costs.


The company's tube bundle dryers are ideal for pourable products that do not stick to the tubes or tend to clog at the temperatures required for the drying and conditioning process.


Anhydro offers a complete spectrum of evaporation and drying equipment for the dairy, chemical, starch and ethanol industries spanning a wide range of technologies and capacities. All equipment is customized and configured for specific customer needs and specifications with a view to delivering the end product with maximum added value at the lowest possible cost.

Anhydro has a documented track record in more than 18.000 drying, evaporation and dewatering projects all over the world. These projects include new equipment solutions, plant retrofitting and upgrades, new processing development, automation upgrading, plant performance optimisation, process troubleshooting and environmental applications.

COST-EFFECTIVE CHEMICAL EVAPORATORS

The evaporator programme includes a variety of falling film evaporators, natural and forced circulation evaporators and TVR and MVR evaporators.

The company's evaporators are based on original technologies from both Anhydro and Dedert. Evaporators derived from Dedert technology are specifically designed for applications within the starch and ethanol industries, while Anhydro evaporator technology is recommended for evaporators intended to serve the dairy, food, brewing, chemical and pharmaceutical industries.

DEWATERING SCREW PRESSES

Screw presses are used to dewater materials of different consistencies. The purpose of dewatering varies according to the material:

Improve the material behaviour for further processing
Improve storage life / conservation of the material
Reduce weight and / or volume in order to reduce transportation or dumping costs
Increase gross calorific value

Vetter screw presses are used to dewater various materials in different industries, such as corn husks, corn germs and wheat gluten, brewery spent grains, spent coffee grounds (extracted), potato pulp, residues of various vegetables and fruits, barley mash, compost, organic waste, reject sludge, ensilage material (grass, rye, corn) and many more.

CHEMICAL DRYING SOLUTIONS

Anhydro provides a wide range of drying solutions for virtually any liquid-to-powder application, including spray dryers, spin flash dryers, fluid bed dryers, disc dryers and flash- and ring dryers. The company's tube bundle dryers are used for pourable product that does not stick to the tubes or tend to clog at the temperatures required for the drying and conditioning process.


FLUID BED TECHNOLOGY


Anhydro is a global leader in fluid bed technology. The company provides an extensive range of fluid bed dryers, fluid bed coolers, fluid bed agglomerators, fluid bed coaters, fluid bed de-dusters and distillation systems.


COST-EFFECTIVE CHEMICAL EVAPORATORS


The evaporator programme includes a variety of falling film evaporators, natural and forced circulation evaporators and TVR and MVR evaporators.
The company's evaporators are based on original technologies from both Anhydro and Dedert. Evaporators derived from Dedert technology are specifically designed for applications within the starch and ethanol industries, while Anhydro evaporator technology is recommended for evaporators intended to serve the dairy, food, brewing, chemical and pharmaceutical industries.

CHEMICAL PROCESS EQUIPMENT

Anhydro is a leading global supplier of liquid concentration and powder processing solutions, as well as dewatering plants and equipment for the international dairy, food, beverage and alcohol, ethanol, starch, pharmaceutical and chemical industries.
Anhydro designs, manufactures, installs and services a wide range of advanced evaporation, drying and dewatering equipment for customers in major industries around the world.
CHEMICAL PROCESS EQUIPMENT
Common to the process industry is the challenge of globalization, continuous innovation, a constant demand for higher performance with lower costs, and the need for leading-edge technology supported by a global service organization.
Anhydro is a leading global supplier to the above mentioned industries offering technologically superior solutions and the flexibility and cost-effectiveness including:

1 Evaporators
2 Dryers
3 Fluid bed technology
4 Dewatering equipment

WORLDWIDE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, TECHNICAL CENTERS AND PRODUCTION SITES

With worldwide research and development, technical centers and production sites, Evonik Degussa ensures fast and efficient communication with its industry partners around the world.
Please also see Pharmaceutical Technology - Evonik Degussa - Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts, Biocatalysts and Screening Services

LIFE SCIENCES AND FINE CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES

For the life sciences and fine chemical industries, Evonik Degussa offers a broad range of precious metal powder and activated base metal catalysts and services throughout the metal loop. The life sciences and fine chemicals industries use catalytic reactions in a wide variety of applications, typically conducted in batch processes. These industries have an extensive range of catalytic needs from the optimum catalyst and reaction conditions in the process, to health and safety, strict confidentiality, right through to final product recycle or disposal.
POLYMERS
Polyolefins such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) make possible many of the items we use in our daily lives. These materials are widely used in the automotive industry, for instance in the production of bumpers, as well as in the manufacture of plastic shopping bags. As one of the world leaders in catalysis, we utilize all of our know-how for research and development of new materials. Our product line includes: magnesium ethoxide (a highly active support material for Ziegler-Natta catalysts), silane donors (used as additives for increasing the isotacticity in PP catalysts), and AEROCAT (a new silica support material for metallocenes and for Ziegler-Natta or phillips catalysts).

CONTINUOUS PROCESS CATALYSTS

Evonik Degussa provides Continuous Process Catalysts (CPC) for the industrial chemicals and intermediates industry. With worldwide customers and partners we have an excellent position in market segments such as solvents, plasticizers, monomers, intermediates and fine gas purification. Evonik Degussa's product portfolio for industrial chemicals and intermediates is comprised of the following products:
Aerocat®: a new silica support material for fluid bed applications.
Aerolyst®: unique silica and titania catalyst supports based on fumed oxides for fixed bed applications.
Noblyst®: supported precious metal catalysts for fixed bed hydrogenerations and oxidations.
Octolyst®: supported and bulk nickel, cobalt and copper catalysts for fixed bed hydrogenations and dehydrogenations.

Degussa

Evonik Degussa's solution partner approach and its continuous dialogue and collaboration with customers, speeds up and successfully completes the commercialisation process of custom-made catalysts, transforming lab recipes into commercial products. Evonik Degussa provides world-class quality products and services, many years of experience in catalysis and key proprietary technologies, as well as flexible and dedicated cross-functional project management teams comprising of research and development, production, sales and marketing. Evonik Degussa promotes and participates largely in global development.

Anhydro - Drying, Evaporation and Dewatering Solutions

Anhydro offers a complete spectrum of evaporation and drying equipment for the dairy, chemical, starch and ethanol industries spanning a wide range of technologies and capacities.

Fertilizers

Fertilizers By Engro Chemical Pakistan Limited

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ENGRO UREA is a trusted high grade fertilizer containing 46% Nitrogen (N), with moderate hydroscopicity. It has a pH value of 6.8 (organic molecule) and is suitable for all crops on all soils. Engro Urea is an excellent source of Nitrogen for the vast majority of cultivated soils of Pakistan. Phosphatic Fertilizers Engro DAP: contains 46% P2O5 and 18% N. More than 90% of Phosphate (P) is water soluble. It has a pH value of 7.33 and is a good source of P fertilizer for all crops. It is an equally good source on problem soils (saline sodic) with coarse texture. On an overall basis it suits to about 90% soils of the country. Engro Zorawar: is one of the highest grade phosphatic fertilizers. It is acidic in reaction (pH >= 3.5) and contains 52% P2O5 of which more than 90% is water soluble, while the rest is citrate soluble. In addition to P, it contains 12% N, 2% sulphur and 1% calcium. It is a beneficial fertilizer for all crops on all soils of Pakistan and produces excellent results on alkaline soils, due to its acidic The acidic pH of Engro Zorawar also tends to slow down the rapid conversion of soluble P to water insoluble compounds, keeping it plant available for a longer period of time. Engro Phosphate: is brown colored mono ammonium phosphate with 11% nitrogen and 52% phosphorus. It is being marketed as relatively cheaper alternate of DAP. Blended Fertilizers Engro Zarkhez: is homogenously granulated fertilizer which maximizes crop yield by providing balanced nutrition for a wide variety of crops through the uniform availability of Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium. Engro Zarkhez grades are specially produced to suit the requirements of individual crops and soils, and provide convenience to the farmer through ready availability of precise quantities of primary nutrients. Engro Zarkhez fertilizers have low moisture content, high crush strength; 2mm-4mm granule size and free flowing nature - attributes which ensure excellent handling and application characteristics. Green 08:23:18 Potato, Maize, Sugarcane, Wheat, Cotton, Rice and Vegetables Blue 17:17:17 Citrus, Mango, Banana and Other Fruits Tobacco 12:15:20 Tobacco Engro NP: it provides 22% nitrogen, and 20% phosphorus. ECPL entered into NP business in 2005 to cater the need of its customers for this established category. Primary focus area for ENP marketing is South Zone (Sind). Micro Nutrients Zingro: Zinc Sulphate, a highly effective and potent fertilizer which primarily targets Zinc deficiency in crops like Rice, Potato, Maize, Sugar cane, Wheat, Cotton, vegetables and fruits. Zingro increases crop yield and enhances crop appearance.

Argus Chemicals

Argus Chemicals srl is a Rare & Fine Chemicals company in Vernio (North of Florence), Italy . The company was started in 1985 by Dr. Enrico Ammannati

to produce chemicals for the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. On a lab-scale basis, the company began to produce rare and otherwise unobtainable compounds, not generally found in commercial catalogues. Through the years the company expanded its capabilities up to Pilot-plant-scale to be able to satisfy the demand for kilo-batches of products involving air-sensitive reagents. Initially Argus was devoted to the production of phosphine based ligands for metal catalysts. Now it also offers a broad service of R&D under secrecy agreement for pharmaceutical firms.

The expert and enthusiastic team of chemists at Argus, is able to satisfy the needs of the customers in the field for complex multistep-syntheses, optimisation procedures, and scale-up syntheses.

The R&D and Production departments are fully integrated. "Ab initio" synthesis and scale-up (grams to kilos) constitute one of the major outsourcing proposals from our customers.

Chemical substance

A chemical substance is a material with a specific chemical composition. It is a concept that became firmly established in the late eighteenth century after work by the chemist Joseph Proust on the composition of some pure chemical compounds such as basic copper carbonate.^[1] He deduced that, "All samples of a compound have the same composition; that is, all samples have the same proportions, by mass, of the elements present in the compound." This is now known as the law of constant composition.^[2] Later with the advancement of methods for chemical synthesis particularly in the realm of organic chemistry; the discovery of many more chemical elements and new techniques in the realm of analytical chemistry used for isolation and purification of elements and compounds from chemicals that led to the establishment of modern chemistry, the concept was defined as is found in most chemistry textbooks. However, there are some controversies regarding this definition mainly because the large number of chemical substances reported in chemistry literature need to be indexed.

A common example of a chemical substance is pure water; it has the same properties and the same ratio of hydrogen to oxygen whether it is isolated from a river or made in a laboratory. A pure chemical substance cannot be separated into other substances by a process that does not involve any chemical reaction and is rarely found in nature. Some typical chemical substances can be diamond, gold, salt (sodium chloride) and sugar (sucrose). Generally, chemical substances exist as a solid, liquid, or gas, and may change between these phases of matter with changes in temperature or pressure.

Forms of energy, such as light and heat, are not considered to be matter, and thus they are not "substances" in the scientific regard.